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Josephine Elizabeth Butler (née Grey) (13 April 1828 – 30 December 1906) was a Victorian era British feminist and social reformer who was especially concerned with the welfare of prostitutes. She was intensely religious as an evangelical Anglican. Along with other charity efforts, she led the long campaign for the repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts both in Britain and internationally from 1869 to 1886 because the acts harmed and unfairly imprisoned young women who were suspected of being prostitutes. == Family life == Josephine Elizabeth Grey was born at Milfield House, Milfield, Northumberland and was the seventh child of John Grey (1785–1868, b. Milfield, Northumberland) and Hannah Eliza Annett (b. 1792, Alnwick, d. 15 May 1860). The couple married in 1815.〔Birth years for John Grey, Hannah Grey, Charles G. Grey (1824–26 ), Josephine Grey, George Butler: 〕 John Grey, son of George Grey (d. 1793) and Mary Burn, was an agricultural expert, and the cousin of the reformist British Prime Minister Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey and a slavery abolitionist himself. He played a significant role in Catholic emancipation, and also worked for the Reform Act 1832. In 1833 he was appointed manager of the Dilston Estate (Greenwich Hospital), near Corbridge, Northumberland, and the family moved there. He lost most of his savings in the fall of 1857, with the failure of the Newcastle Bank.〔 See also: Josephine E. Butler, ''Memoir of John Grey of Dilston'' (revised 1874); ''Gent. Mag.'' 1868, pt 1, pp. 678–79; ''Times'' 27 January 1868:10.〕 Josephine married George Butler (1819–1890 b. Harrow, Middlesex), a scholar and cleric, in 1852. They shared an Evangelical approach to Christianity and a cultural attachment to Italy, as well as a strong commitment to liberal reforms. George Butler encouraged his wife in her public work, and he suffered set-backs in his own career on account of his wife's notoriety. She gave birth to four children: George Grey (b. 1852, Oxford); Arthur Stanley (b. 1854, Oxford); Charles Augustine Vaughan (1857, Clifton, Gloucestershire); Evangeline Mary (Eva)(1859–1864), Cheltenham].〔Information on George & Josephine's children: 〕 The Butlers had strong radical sympathies, including support for the Union in the American Civil War. Their only daughter, Eva died in 1863, following a fall from the staircase at their home.〔Information on Evangeline Mary Butler, from England & Wales Birth/Death Index. Volume 6a, p. 259, July–Aug–Sept 1864.〕 This led Josephine to seek solace by ministering to people with greater pain than her own. She began visiting Liverpool's Brownlow Hill workhouse which led to her first involvement with prostitutes. She set up a House of Rest and an Industrial Home for them. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Josephine Butler」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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